Top scientists in immunology by total citations

	Scientist	Papers	Citations	Citations per paper
1	Shizuo Akira Osaka University, Japan	312	36,497	116.98
2	Kiyoshi Takeda Kyushu University, Japan	183	25,358	138.57
3	Osamu Takeuchi Osaka University, Japan	80	14,444	180.55
4	Richard A. Flavell Yale University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA	165	13,031	78.98
5	Jacques Banchereau Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, USA	66	12,607	191.02
6	Ralph M. Steinman Rockefeller University, USA	69	11,736	170.09
7	Taro Kawai Osaka University, Japan	54	11,002	203.74
8	Lewis L. Lanier University of California, San Francisco, USA	91	10,815	118.85
9	Tsuneyasu Kaisho Osaka University, Japan	44	10,784	245.09
10	Ruslan Medzhitov Yale University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA	51	10,763	211.04
11	Antonio Lanzavecchia Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Switzerland	57	10,562	185.30
12	Katsuaki Hoshino Osaka University, Japan	33	10,245	310.45
13	Shimon Sakaguchi Kyoto University, Japan	62	9,121	147.11
14	Hermann Wagner Technical University of Munich, Germany	96	9,061	94.39
15	Shintaro Sato Osaka University, Japan	78	8,843	113.37
16	Arthur M. Krieg University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA	93	8,345	89.73
17	Rafi Ahmed Emory University, USA	94	8,195	87.18
18	Federica Sallusto Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Switzerland	45	8,130	180.67
19	Hiromichi Hemmi Toho University School of Medicine, Japan	23	7,479	325.17
20	Bruce Beutler The Scripps Research Institute, USA	58	7,386	1.34

The data above were extracted from the Essential Science Indicators database of Thomson Reuters, currently covering the period 1 January 1998 through 31 October 2008. This database surveys only journal articles (original research reports and review articles) indexed by Thomson Reuters. Articles are assigned to a category based on the journals in which they were published and Thomson Reuters’ journal-to-category field-definition scheme. Both articles tabulated and citation counts to those articles are for the period indicated. Naturally, scientists publishing large numbers of papers have a greater likelihood of collecting more citations than scien­tists publishing fewer papers. This ranking is by total citations. For articles with multiple authors, each author receives full, not fractional, citation credit. Another ranking could be based on citations per paper, which reveals weighted impact. Essential Science Indicators lists authors ranked in the top 1 per cent for a field over a given period, based on total citations. For these data, 2,358 authors are listed in the field of immunology, meaning that a total of about 235,800 authors’ records were reviewed to obtain these results. For more informa­tion on Thomson Reuters’ Essential Science Indicators, see http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/esi.