Large numbers of English universities could potentially be hit with sanctions under plans to rate institutions on the proportion of graduates who go into professional jobs, amid concern about how courses will be singled out for scrutiny.
Under plans unveiled by the sector regulator, the Office for Students, 60 per cent of full-time first-degree students at every provider will be expected to go into “managerial or professional” employment or further study, as part of a range of institutional baselines covering issues such as continuation and completion. Institutions that fall short face the prospect of improvement notices, fines or – the ultimate threat – being stripped of access to student loan funding or of university title.
Early analysis by London Higher, which represents institutions in the capital, found that “virtually all” of its member campuses had at least one subject area with completion and progression outcomes below proposed OfS thresholds – with social sciences subjects faring worst.
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That could mean few institutions escaping some form of OfS scrutiny, and – significantly – institutions and subjects in London with the highest proportions of disadvantaged students were found to be most at risk.
“At least with respect to London, the OfS is going to have to tread a fine line, in its approach to regulation, between upholding quality and promoting social mobility,” said Richard Boffey, head of AccessHE at London Higher. “We’d be astonished if the picture were any different outside of the capital.”
The OfS will use the Graduate Outcomes survey, taken 15 months after the end of a course, to judge whether students are in managerial or professional employment, defined as jobs within groups 1 to 3 of the Office for National Statistics’ Standard Occupational Classification 2020 (SOC).
But there are concerns that this will unfairly penalise creative arts subjects. Another notable example of an employment field falling outside SOC groups 1 to 3 is “senior care workers”.
David Green, vice-chancellor of the University of Worcester, pointed out that the ONS job categories underwent revision only every 10 years – with early years education and nursing examples of careers upgraded to “professional” only in 2020.
“There is a big battle still to come over the whole area of social care” in employment and training terms, with “evidence from research programmes…increasingly showing that good quality care delivered by well-educated people makes a big difference to outcomes,” said Professor Green. “However, all this care work is classified in SOC 4, which won’t count as ‘graduate employment’ in the new OfS consultation,” meaning the regulator’s plans would create “a great disincentive to institutions to invest in this vital area of work”.
John Cater, vice-chancellor of Edge Hill University, said he was concerned that the progression metric could be a “sledgehammer, and not always well targeted”. He argued for “a more nuanced approach and a better understanding and acceptance of what we need – STEM graduates, yes, but also those in public service, in the arts”.
In a change to its initial plans, the OfS has said it will consider institutions’ “context” if they fall below baselines, including variation in outcomes “for different types of students and courses”.
And the regulator will make judgements via a “prioritisation” process about which institutions falling below the baselines merit further investigation and, ultimately, punishment – which may open up concerns in the sector about potential political influence by ministers or the targeting of subjects criticised in the press.
Sir David Bell, vice-chancellor of the University of Sunderland, said: “The phrase ‘regulatory judgement’ appears in several places in the OfS proposals.”
While he was not advocating a metrics-only approach, he did think it would be “important for the OfS to spell out the rationale when it makes such judgements”, plus that it is “seen to be even-handed and that the prioritisation process each year encompasses institutions across the sector”.
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Print headline: ‘Virtually all’ universities at risk of OfS sanction under new rules
